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1.
Farm. hosp ; 48(1): t29-t33, ene. - feb. 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229470

RESUMO

Objetivo la administración de voriconazol nebulizado implica ventajas, incluyendo la optimización de la penetración pulmonar y la reducción de los efectos adversos e interacciones; sin embargo, la evidencia sobre su utilización es escasa y no existen presentaciones comerciales específicas para nebulización. Nuestro objetivo es caracterizar las soluciones de voriconazol elaboradas para nebulización y describir su uso en nuestro centro. Método estudio observacional retrospectivo incluyendo pacientes que reciben voriconazol nebulizado para el tratamiento de enfermedades pulmonares (infecciones fúngicas o colonizaciones). La solución de voriconazol se preparó a partir de los viales comerciales para la administración intravenosa. Resultados el pH y la osmolaridad de las soluciones de voriconazol fueron adecuados para su nebulización. Se incluyeron 10 pacientes, 9 adultos y un niño. La dosis fue de 40 mg en los adultos y 10 mg en el paciente pediátrico, diluido a 10 mg/ml, administrados cada 12-24 horas. La duración mediana del tratamiento fue de 139 (rango: 26-911) días. No se reportaron efectos adversos y no se detectó voriconazol en plasma cuando se administró únicamente vía nebulizada. Conclusiones la nebulización de voriconazol es bien tolerada y no se absorbe hacia la circulación sistémica. Son necesarios más estudios de investigación para evaluar su eficacia (AU)


Objective Pulmonary administration of voriconazole involves advantages, including optimization of lung penetration and reduction of adverse effects and interactions. However, there is scarce evidence about its use and there are no commercial presentations for nebulization. We aim to characterize a compounded voriconazole solution for nebulization and describe its use in our center. Method This is a retrospective observational study including patients who received nebulized voriconazole to treat fungal lung diseases (infection or colonization). Voriconazole solution was prepared from commercial vials for intravenous administration. Results The pH and osmolarity of voriconazole solutions were adequate for nebulization. Ten patients were included, nine adults and a child. The dosage was 40 mg in adults and 10 mg in the pediatric patient, diluted to a final concentration of 10 mg/ml, administered every 12-24 hours. The median duration of treatment was 139 (range: 26-911) days. There were no reported adverse effects and the drug was not detected in plasma when nebulized only. Conclusion Voriconazole nebulization is well tolerated and it is not absorbed into the systemic circulation; further research is needed to assess its efficacy (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Voriconazol/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Nebulizadores e Vaporizadores , Aspergilose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos
2.
Farm Hosp ; 48(1): T29-T33, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37858518

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary administration of voriconazole involves advantages, including optimization of lung penetration and reduction of adverse effects and interactions. However, there is scarce evidence about its use and there are no commercial presentations for nebulization. We aim to characterize a compounded voriconazole solution for nebulization and describe its use in our center. METHOD: This is a retrospective observational study including patients who received nebulized voriconazole to treat fungal lung diseases (infection or colonization). Voriconazole solution was prepared from commercial vials for intravenous administration. RESULTS: The pH and osmolarity of voriconazole solutions were adequate for nebulization. Ten patients were included, nine adults and a child. The dosage was 40 mg in adults and 10 mg in the pediatric patient, diluted to a final concentration of 10 mg/ml, administered every 12-24 hours. The median duration of treatment was 139 (range: 26-911) days. There were no reported adverse effects and the drug was not detected in plasma when nebulized only. CONCLUSION: Voriconazole nebulization is well tolerated and it is not absorbed into the systemic circulation; further research is needed to assess its efficacy.


Assuntos
Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Pneumopatias Fúngicas , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Administração Intravenosa , Antifúngicos/efeitos adversos , Voriconazol/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 84(4)dic. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533576

RESUMO

Introducción. La aspergilosis invasiva presenta alta mortalidad en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas e inmunocomprometidos. Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto (AFSS) es el principal agente etiológico y su tipificación requiere de métodos moleculares. La incidencia incrementada de AI resistentes a los antifúngicos demanda un diagnóstico certero y oportuno. Métodos. Se estudiaron 20 cepas de la micoteca del Instituto de Medicina Tropical - Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, aisladas de muestras respiratorias e identificadas como Aspergillus fumigatus sensu lato mediante el estudio macroscópico y microscópico. Las cepas fueron referidas a la Universidad Nacional del Litoral para su tipificación mediante una PCR screening para AFSS basada en secuencias del gen CYP51A y el estudio de sensibilidad antifúngica para voriconazol (VOR), itraconazol (ITC), posaconazol (POS), isavuconazol (ISA), anidulafungina (ANF), caspofungina (CSF) y anfotericina B (AMB) obteniendo la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) mediante el protocolo de CLSI M38M51S-Ed3. Resultados. Las 20 cepas fueron identificadas como AFSS. Ninguna de las cepas tuvo una CIM por encima del punto de corte clínico (VOR), ni epidemiológico (ITC, ISA, AMB y CSF). POS fue la droga más potente frente a la colección de cepas evaluadas (media geométrica (GM) de CIM de 0,042 µg/ml). Conclusiones. Todos los aislamientos fueron tipificados como AFSS sensibles a los azoles según los puntos de corte clínico, posaconazol tuvo la mayor actividad antifúngica. Nuestros hallazgos aportan a incrementar la escasa información sobre la etiología y sensibilidad a los antifúngicos de uso clínico de las aspergilosis invasiva en nuestro país.


Introduction. Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) poses a significant threat to patients with chronic diseases and compromised immune systems, with Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto (AFSS) being the primary etiological agent. Accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial, particularly given the rising incidence of IA strains resistant to antifungals, necessitating molecular methods for typing. Methods. Twenty strains from Instituto de Medicina Tropical - Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, mycological collection, previously identified as Aspergillus fumigatus sensu lato through macroscopic and microscopic analysis, were studied. These strains were forwarded to the Universidad Nacional del Litoral for AFSS typing using a PCR screening based on CYP51A gene sequences. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed for Voriconazole (VOR), Itraconazole (ITC), Posaconazole (POS), Isavuconazole (ISA), Anidulafungin (ANF), Caspofungin (CSF), and Amphotericin B (AMB), obtaining Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) according to CLSI M38M51S-Ed3. Results. All 20 strains were identified as AFSS. None of the strains exhibited MICs above the clinical breakpoint (VOR) or the epidemiological cutoffs (ITC, ISA, AMB, and CSF). POS demonstrated the highest potency against the strain collection, with a geometric mean MIC of 0,042 µg/ml. Conclusions. All isolates were classified as azole-sensitive Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto (AFSS) based on clinical cutoff points, particularly posaconazole, which exhibited superior antifungal activity. Our findings contribute to augmenting the limited information on the etiology and clinical antifungal sensitivity of IA in our country.

4.
Rev. Nac. (Itauguá) ; 15(2): 93-96, dic.2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1532932

RESUMO

Es poco común encontrar en la literatura casos de traqueobronquitis invasiva por aspergillus que se manifiesten como tumores endobronquiales que produzcan atelectasia pulmonar total. Aunque relatada en inmunocomprometidos, la morbimortalidad es considerable aun en pacientes sin enfermedad de base.


It is rare to find in the literature cases of invasive aspergillus tracheobronchitis that manifest as endobronchial tumors that produce total pulmonary atelectasis. Although reported in immunocompromised patients, morbidity and mortality are considerable even in patients without underlying disease.

5.
Rev. Nac. (Itauguá) ; 15(2)dic. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529482

RESUMO

Es poco común encontrar en la literatura casos de traqueobronquitis invasiva por aspergillus que se manifiesten como tumores endobronquiales que produzcan atelectasia pulmonar total. Aunque relatada en inmunocomprometidos, la morbimortalidad es considerable aun en pacientes sin enfermedad de base.


It is rare to find in the literature cases of invasive aspergillus tracheobronchitis that manifest as endobronchial tumors that produce total pulmonary atelectasis. Although reported in immunocompromised patients, morbidity and mortality are considerable even in patients without underlying disease.

6.
Rev Iberoam Micol ; 40(2-3): 26-30, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37714729

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a promising new treatment for different types of cancer. The infectious complications in patients taking ICIs are rare. CASE REPORT: A 58-year-old male who received chemotherapy consisting of pembrolizumab (PD-1 inhibitor) for esophagus squamous cell carcinoma one month before was admitted to the emergency room with shortness of breath soon after fiberoptic bronchoscopy, which was done for the inspection of the lower airway. A computed tomography of the chest revealed a progressive consolidation on the right upper lobe. Salmonella group D was isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid culture. The fungal culture of the same clinical sample yielded Aspergillus niger; furthermore, a high titer (above the cut-off values) of Aspergillus antigen was found both in the BAL fluid and serum of the patient. Despite the effective spectrum and appropriate dose of antimicrobial treatment, the patient died due to disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of unusual pathogens in the etiology of pneumonia after ICI treatment may help to avoid underdiagnosis.


Assuntos
Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico , Pneumonia Necrosante , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia Necrosante/patologia , Aspergillus , Pulmão/microbiologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/microbiologia , Salmonella
7.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 40(4)ago. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521853

RESUMO

Introducción: Desde el inicio de la pandemia por COVID-19 se han registrado casos de infecciones de aspergilosis pulmonar asociada a esta infección, la cual tiene características diferentes a la aspergilosis pulmonar clásica y, por lo tanto, han significado un desafío diagnóstico. Objetivo: Validar una reacción de polimerasa en cadena (RPC) en tiempo real (sigla en inglés RT-PCR) comercial, como herramienta diagnóstica alternativa a la técnica de galactomanano (GM) en el diagnóstico de aspergilosis pulmonar asociada a COVID-19 (sigla en inglés CAPA). Pacientes y Método: Se analizaron resultados de RT-PCR de Aspergillus spp y GM en lavado bronco-alveolar (LBA) de 72 pacientes, hospitalizados por COVID-19 de Clínica Dávila entre los años 2020 y 2021. De estos pacientes, 33 presentaron CAPA. Resultados: La RT-PCR de Aspergillus y GM presentaron una correlación positiva (r = 0,6351, valor p < 0,0001). La técnica de RT-PCR presentó una sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valor predictor positivo (VPP) y valor predictor negativo (VPN) de 100, 44, 66 y 100%, respectivamente, mientras que en GM fueron de 64, 89, 84 y 73%, respectivamente para LBA. Al utilizar ambas técnicas en combinación se obtuvo una S, E, VPP y VPN de 100, 82, 88 y 100%, respectivamente. Conclusión: Este estudio concluyó que usar una técnica de RT-PCR de Aspergillus y GM en conjunto en LBA mejoraron los parámetros de desempeño de ambas técnicas usadas de manera individual para diagnosticar CAPA. Se requieren más estudios para evaluar el desempeño de técnicas combinadas en otros tipos de aspergilosis.


Background: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been cases of pulmonary aspergillosis infections associated with this infection, which has different characteristics from classical pulmonary aspergillosis and therefore, have been diagnostic challenges. Aim: To validate a commercial real-time PCR (RT-PCR) method as an alternative diagnostic tool to the galactomannan (GM) technique in the diagnosis of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). Methods: Results of RT-PCR of Aspergillus spp and GM in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) of 72 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at Clínica Dávila between 2020 and 2021 were analyzed. Of these patients, 33 presented CAPA. Results: The RT-PCR for Aspergillus and GM showed a positive correlation (r = 0.6351, p-value < 0.0001). The RT-PCR for Aspergillus technique presented a sensitivity (S), specificity (S), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100, 44, 66 and 100% respectively, while the GM technique presented 64, 89, 84 and 73%, respectively for BAL. Using both techniques in combination a S, E, PPV and NPV of 100, 82, 88 and 100% were obtained respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that using RT-PCR and GM techniques in combination in BAL improved the performance parameters of both techniques from those used individually to diagnose CAPA. Further studies are required to evaluate the performance of combined techniques in other aspergillosis focus.

8.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 40(2/3): 26-30, Abr-Jun, 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-228371

RESUMO

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a promising new treatment for different types of cancer. The infectious complications in patients taking ICIs are rare. Case report: A 58-year-old male who received chemotherapy consisting of pembrolizumab (PD-1 inhibitor) for esophagus squamous cell carcinoma one month before was admitted to the emergency room with shortness of breath soon after fiberoptic bronchoscopy, which was done for the inspection of the lower airway. A computed tomography of the chest revealed a progressive consolidation on the right upper lobe. Salmonella group D was isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid culture. The fungal culture of the same clinical sample yielded Aspergillus niger; furthermore, a high titer (above the cut-off values) of Aspergillus antigen was found both in the BAL fluid and serum of the patient. Despite the effective spectrum and appropriate dose of antimicrobial treatment, the patient died due to disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Conclusions: Awareness of unusual pathogens in the etiology of pneumonia after ICI treatment may help to avoid underdiagnosis.(AU)


Antecedentes: Los fármacos inhibidores de puntos de control inmunitario (ICI) son una nueva y prometedora opción de tratamiento para diferentes tipos de cáncer. Las complicaciones infecciosas en pacientes que toman ICI son poco frecuentes. Caso clínico: Un varón de 58 años que recibió quimioterapia con pembrolizumab (inhibidor de PD-1) para un carcinoma de células escamosas de esófago hacía un año, ingresó en Urgencias por dificultad respiratoria poco después de realizarse una broncoscopia de fibra óptica para una inspección de las vías aéreas inferiores. La tomografía computarizada de tórax reveló una consolidación progresiva en el lóbulo superior derecho. Se aisló Salmonella grupo D en el cultivo del líquido de lavado broncoalveolar (LBA). En el cultivo de hongos de la misma muestra creció Aspergillus niger; además, se detectó antígeno (por encima de los valores de corte) de Aspergillus tanto en la muestra del LBA como en el suero del paciente. A pesar del espectro eficaz y la dosis adecuada del antifúngico utilizado, el paciente falleció debido a una coagulopatía intravascular diseminada. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de patógenos inusuales en la etiología de la neumonía tras el tratamiento con ICI puede ayudar a evitar el infradiagnóstico.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia Necrosante/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamento farmacológico , /tratamento farmacológico , Febre Tifoide , Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva , Pacientes Internados , Exame Físico , Micologia , Pneumonia Necrosante/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Necrosante/microbiologia , Salmonella
9.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 83(1): 82-95, abr. 2023. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430776

RESUMO

Resumen La aspergilosis invasiva (AI) es una enfermedad grave y con alta mortalidad. Existen factores de riesgo y se describen brotes intrahospitalarios relacionados con construcciones. También se des cribe una entidad relacionada con la infección por COVID-19, conocida como aspergilosis pulmonar asociada a COVID-19 (APAC). Es de vital importancia implementar un tratamiento adecuado y precoz, especialmente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos y críticamente enfermos. El diagnóstico se basa en reconocer los factores predisponentes, la clínica, la obtención de imágenes, exámenes directos, cultivos, histopatología y biomarca dores como el galactomanano. La droga de elección es el voriconazol, pero se deben conocer las alternativas terapéuticas dada la creciente presencia de aislamientos resistentes.


Abstract Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a serious disease with high mortality. There are several risk factors and in-hospital outbreaks related with construction have been described. An entity related to COVID-19 infection, known as COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), has recently appeared. Early and appropriate treatment is of paramount importance, especially in immunocompromised and critically ill patients. Diagnosis is based on recognition of predisposing factors, clinical signs, imaging, direct examination, culture, histopathology, and biomarkers such as galactomannan. The drug of choice is voriconazole, but alternative therapies must be taken into account given the increasing presence of resistant isolates.

10.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 43(1): 27-36, mar. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533914

RESUMO

La sinusitis micótica es una condición patológica que puede presentarse en pacientes con diabetes mellitus y estar asociada a una crisis hiperglucémica. Es una entidad agresiva con complicaciones locales que incluyen afectación de la órbita y el sistema nervioso central, y compromiso vascular. A pesar del tratamiento quirúrgico y antimicótico, la mortalidad es de hasta el 75 %. Se describe el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de cetoacidosis diabética y signos de oftalmoplejía unilateral que llevaron al estudio con resonancia magnética del sistema nervioso central; se encontraron signos de sinusitis, meningitis y cerebritis. Los estudios microbiológicos iniciales fueron negativos, y los biomarcadores galactomanano sérico y el antígeno de Cryptococcus también fueron negativos. Tras el manejo quirúrgico, se llegó a la identificación de Aspergillus flavus y Rhizopus spp. en el tejido de los senos paranasales. La paciente recibió tratamiento con posaconazol y, tras dos meses de seguimiento, había presentado mejoría clínica. La infección fúngica dual y la infección por A. flavus son entidades poco frecuentes y de relevancia clínica, sin casos presentados previamente en nuestro país por lo que este corresponde a un caso de interés clínico.


Fungal sinusitis is a pathology that can occur in patients with diabetes mellitus and be associated with a hyperglycemic crisis. It is an aggressive entity with local complications that include involvement of the orbit or the central nervous system, and vascular involvement. Despite surgical and antifungal treatment, mortality raises up to 75%. We report the case of a female patient with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis and signs of unilateral ophthalmoplegia, which led to the study with magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system, finding signs of sinusitis, meningitis, and cerebritis. Initial microbiological studies were negative, and biomarkers such as serum galactomannan and Cryptococcus antigen were also negative. After surgical management and the identification of Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus spp. in sinus tissue, the patient received treatment with posaconazole and after two months of follow-up she presented clinical improvement. Dual fungal infection and infection by A. flavus are uncommon and clinically relevant entities, with no cases previously reported in our country, therefore this corresponds to a case of clinical interest.


Assuntos
Aspergillus flavus , Diabetes Mellitus , Rhizopus oryzae , Aspergilose , Sinusite , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas , Mucormicose
11.
Cambios rev med ; 21(2): 801, 30 Diciembre 2022. ilus, grafs.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1415461

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN. La aspergilosis laríngea en individuos inmunocompetentes, aunque rara, se reporta cada vez con más frecuencia; por lo cual, es necesario comprender mejor los aspectos clínicos y terapéuticos más adecuados para abordar su atención. OBJETIVO. Documentar los aspectos clínicos asociados al diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la aspergilosis laríngea en sujetos inmunocompetentes. METODOLOGÍA. Se realizó un estudio Bibliográfico Narrativo de carácter retrospectivo, donde se evaluaron los casos clínicos reportados de personas inmunocompetentes con aspergilosis laríngea desde el año 1983 hasta el 2022. Se hizo una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed/Medline y ScienceDirect, y se incluyeron todos los casos reportados en sujetos inmunocompetentes. RESULTADOS. Se identificaron 30 casos clínicos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión dentro de un grupo de 586 artículos revisados. El patógeno más reportado fue Aspergillus fumigatus y la evaluación histopatológica la principal herramienta para diagnosticar la aspergilosis. Se reportaron más casos en mujeres con un 58%. La mayor incidencia se observó en sujetos entre 20 y 49 años de edad. Los síntomas más comunes fueron disfonía, disnea y tos. El tratamiento farmacológico empleado actualmente es el Itraconazol seguido por el Voriconazol. CONCLUSIONES. La evidencia reportada mostró que la aspergilosis laríngea en pacientes inmunocompetentes podría estar dejando de ser un evento "poco común" por lo que debe prestarse más atención a su diagnóstico y tratamiento.


INTRODUCTION. Laryngeal aspergillosis in immunocompetent individuals, although rare, is reported with increasing frequency; therefore, it is necessary to better understand the most appropriate clinical and therapeutic aspects to address its care. OBJECTIVE. To document the clinical aspects associated with the diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal aspergillosis in immunocompetent subjects. METHODOLOGY. A retrospective Narrative Bibliographic study was performed, where clinical case reports of immunocompetent subjects with laryngeal aspergillosis from 1983 to 2022 were evaluated. A literature review was performed in PubMed/Medline and ScienceDirect databases, and all reported cases in immunocompetent subjects were included. RESULTS. Thirty clinical cases that met the inclusion criteria were identified from a pool of 586 articles reviewed. The most reported pathogen was Aspergillus fumigatus and histopathologic evaluation the main tool for diagnosing aspergillosis. More cases were reported in women with 58%. The highest incidence was observed in subjects between 20 and 49 years of age. The most common symptoms were dysphonia, dyspnea and cough. The pharmacological treatment currently used is Itraconazole followed by Voriconazole. CONCLUSIONS. The evidence reported showed that laryngeal aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients may no longer be a "rare" event and more attention should be paid to its diagnosis and treatment.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Aspergilose/tratamento farmacológico , Aspergillus fumigatus , Terapêutica , Doenças da Laringe , Diagnóstico , Imunocompetência , Aspergillus , Aspergillus niger , Itraconazol , Tosse , Dispneia , Equador , Disfonia , Voriconazol , Laringe/patologia
12.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 51(4)dic. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441661

RESUMO

Introducción: La aspergilosis crónica necrotizante es una enfermedad infrecuente que se caracteriza por ser un proceso destructivo y crónico en el parénquima pulmonar. Se clasifica en cavitaria, necrotizante y fibrosante. Objetivo: Presentar una paciente con aspergilosis crónica necrotizante, sus características clínicas, diagnósticas y procedimiento terapéutico empleado. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina de 20 años de edad con antecedentes de asma bronquial que hace 6 meses presenta tos con expectoración amarrilla; realizó varios ciclos de antibióticos con poca mejoría clínica, un mes atrás comenzó con fiebre de 38 ºC, falta de aire y hemoptisis. Se ingresó en la sala de neumología con la sospecha de tuberculosis pulmonar o micosis pulmonar. Se estableció el diagnóstico definitivo de aspergilosis crónica necrotizante, a través de la tinción de Grocott y ácido peryódico de Schiff, los esputos micológicos y la tomografía axial computarizada. Se instauró tratamiento con anfotericina B liofilizada, por 21 días y luego itraconazol por vía oral, por 3 meses; la evolución fue satisfactoria. Conclusiones: La sospecha clínica y la confirmación, tanto radiológica como micológica en todo paciente con manifestaciones clínicas de evolución insidiosa y escasa respuesta a los antibióticos, es fundamental para llegar al diagnóstico de aspergilosis pulmonar.


Introduction: Chronic necrotizing aspergillosis is a rare disease that is characterized by being a destructive and chronic process in the lung parenchyma. It is classified as cavitary, necrotizing and fibrosing. Objective: To present a patient with chronic necrotizing aspergillosis, her clinical and diagnostic characteristics and the therapeutic procedure used. Clinical case: A 20-year-old female patient with a history of bronchial asthma who had a cough with yellow expectoration 6 months ago; she underwent several cycles of antibiotics with little clinical improvement, a month ago she started with a fever of 38 ºC, shortness of breath and hemoptysis. She was admitted to the pulmonology ward with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis or pulmonary mycosis. The definitive diagnosis of chronic necrotizing aspergillosis was established through Grocott and Schiff periodic acid staining, mycological sputum, and computerized axial tomography. Treatment with lyophilized amphotericin B was established for 21 days and then oral itraconazole for 3 months; the evolution was satisfactory. Conclusions: Clinical suspicion and confirmation, both radiological and mycological in all patients with clinical manifestations of insidious evolution and poor response to antibiotics, is essential to reach the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis.

13.
Radiologia (Engl Ed) ; 64(6): 533-541, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36402539

RESUMO

Fungal lung co-infections associated with COVID-19 may occur in severely ill patients or those with underlying co-morbidities, and immunosuppression. The most common invasive fungal infections are caused by aspergillosis, mucormycosis, pneumocystis, cryptococcus, and candida. Radiologists integrate the clinical disease features with the CT pattern-based approach and play a crucial role in identifying these co-infections in COVID-19 to assist clinicians to make a confident diagnosis, initiate treatment and prevent complications.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Coinfecção , Micoses , Pneumonia , Humanos , COVID-19/complicações , Coinfecção/diagnóstico por imagem , Coinfecção/complicações , Micoses/etiologia , Micoses/microbiologia , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiologistas
14.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 64(6): 533-541, Nov-Dic. 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211650

RESUMO

Las coinfecciones pulmonares fúngicas asociadas a la COVID-19 pueden ocurrir en pacientes gravemente enfermos o con comorbilidades subyacentes e inmunosupresión. Las infecciones fúngicas invasivas más comunes son causadas por aspergilosis, mucormicosis, y las debidas a Pneumocystis, criptococo y cándida. Los radiólogos integran las características clínicas de la enfermedad con el enfoque basado en patrones de TAC y desempeñan un papel crucial en la identificación de estas coinfecciones en la COVID-19 para ayudar a los médicos a realizar un diagnóstico seguro, iniciar el tratamiento y prevenir complicaciones.(AU)


Fungal lung co-infections associated with COVID-19 may occur in severely ill patients or those with underlying co-morbidities, and immunosuppression. The most common invasive fungal infections are caused by aspergillosis, mucormycosis, pneumocystis, cryptococcus, and candida. Radiologists integrate the clinical disease features with the CT pattern-based approach and play a crucial role in identifying these co-infections in COVID-19 to assist clinicians to make a confident diagnosis, initiate treatment and prevent complications.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Infecções por Coronavirus , Betacoronavirus , Pandemias , Radiologistas , Pneumopatias Fúngicas , Pneumocystis , Cryptococcus , Candida , Aspergilose , Radiologia , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Serviço Hospitalar de Radiologia
15.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 35(4): 307-332, ag. - sept. 2022. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-205378

RESUMO

Ambient air quality, pollution and its implication onhealth is a topic of enormous importance that is normallydealt with by major specialists in their particular areas of interest. In general, it is not discussed from multidisciplinary approaches or with a language that can reach everyone. For thisreason, the Health Sciences Foundation, from its preventionarea, has formulated a series of questions to people with veryvaried competences in the area of ambient air quality in orderto obtain a global panorama of the problem and its elementsof measurement and control. The answers have been produced by specialists in each subject and have been subjected to ageneral discussion that has allowed conclusions to be reached on each point. The subject was divided into three main blocks:external ambient air, internal ambient air, mainly in the workplace, and hospital ambient air and the consequences of itspoor control. Along with the definitions of each area and theindicators of good and bad quality, some necessary solutionshave been pointed out. We have tried to know the current legislation on this problem and the competences of the differentadministrations on it. Despite its enormous importance, ambient air quality and health is not usually a topic of frequentpresence in the general media and we have asked about thecauses of this. Finally, the paper addresses a series of reflections from the perspective of ethics and very particularly in thelight of the events that the present pandemic raises. This workaims to provide objective data and opinions that will enablenon-specialists in the field to gain a better understanding ofthis worrying reality. (AU)


La calidad del aire ambiente y su implicación en la salud esun tema de enorme importancia que normalmente es tratadopor grandes especialistas en sus particulares áreas de interés.En general, no es discutido desde enfoques multidisciplinaresni con un lenguaje que pueda llegar a todos. Por ese motivo, laFundación de Ciencias de la Salud desde su área de prevención,ha formulado una serie de preguntas a personas con competencias muy variadas en el área de la calidad del aire ambientepara obtener un panorama global del problema y de sus elementos de medida y control. Las respuestas han sido producidas por especialistas en cada tema y han sido sometidas a unadiscusión general que ha permitido alcanzar conclusiones encada punto. El tema ha sido dividido en tres grandes bloques:el aire ambiente externo, el aire ambiente interno, principalmente en el medio laboral, y el aire ambiente hospitalario ylas consecuencias de su mal control. Junto con las definicionesde cada área y los indicadores de buena y mala calidad, se haapuntado a algunas necesarias soluciones. Hemos tratado deconocer la legislación vigente sobre este problema y las competencias de las distintas administraciones sobre el mismo.Pese a su enorme importancia, la calidad del aire ambiente yla salud no suele ser un tema de frecuente presencia en losmedios de comunicación generales y hemos preguntado sobrelas causas de ello. Finalmente, el documento aborda una seriede reflexiones desde la perspectiva de la ética y muy particularmente a la luz de los acontecimientos que la presente pandemia plantea. Este trabajo pretende aportar datos objetivos yopinión que permitan a los no especialistas en el tema conocermejor esta preocupante realidad. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Poluição do Ar/análise , Poluição do Ar/prevenção & controle , Saúde Pública , Infecções Respiratórias , Infecção Hospitalar , Aspergilose
16.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 46(8): 426-435, ago. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-207872

RESUMO

Objective To determine the incidence and impact of Aspergillus spp. isolation (AI) on ICU mortality in critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia during the first 24h of admission. Design Secondary analysis of an observational and prospective cohort study. Setting ICUs voluntary participating in the Spanish severe Influenza pneumonia registry, between June 2009 and June 2019. Patients Consecutive patients admitted to the ICU with diagnosis of severe influenza pneumonia, confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Interventions None. Main variables of interest Incidence of AI in respiratory samples. Demographic variables, comorbidities, need for mechanical ventilation and the presence of shock according at admission. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scale calculated on ICU admission. Results 3702 patients were analyzed in this study. AI incidence was 1.13% (n=42). Hematological malignancies (OR 4.39, 95% CI 1.92–10.04); HIV (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.08–13.63), and other immunosuppression situations (OR 4.87, 95% CI 1.99–11.87) were factors independently associated with the presence of Aspergillus spp. The automatic CHAID decision tree showed that hematologic disease with an incidence of 3.3% was the most closely AI related variable. Hematological disease (OR 2.62 95% CI 1.95–3.51), immunosuppression (OR 2.05 95% CI 1.46–2.88) and AI (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.60–6.53) were variables independently associated with ICU mortality. Conclusions Empirical antifungal treatment in our population may only be justified in immunocompromised patients. In moderate-high risk cases, active search for Aspergillus spp. should be implemented (AU)


Objetivo Determinar la incidencia y el impacto sobre la mortalidad del aislamiento de Aspergillus spp. (AI) en paciente críticos con neumonía por influenza en las primeras 24h de ingreso. Diseño Análisis secundario de estudio de cohortes observacional y prospectivo. Ámbito Unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) participantes de forma voluntaria en el registro español de neumonía por influenza grave, desde junio de 2009 hasta junio de 2019. Pacientes Pacientes consecutivos con diagnóstico de neumonía grave por influenza, confirmado por prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Intervenciones Ninguna. Variables principales Incidencia de AI. Variables demográficas, comorbilidades, necesidad de ventilación mecánica y presencia de shock al ingreso. APACHE II. Resultados Se analizaron 3.702 pacientes. La incidencia de AI fue del 1,13% (n=42). Las neoplasias hematológicas (OR: 4,39; IC 95%: 1,92-10,04); VIH (OR: 3,83; IC 95%: 1,08-13,63) y otras situaciones de inmunosupresión (OR: 4,87; IC 95%: 1,99-11,87) fueron variables que se asociaron de forma independiente con AI. El árbol de decisión de CHAID mostró que la variable neoplasias hematológicas era la más relacionada con la variable Aspergillus spp. con una incidencia del 3,3%. Neoplasias hematológicas (OR: 2,62; IC 95%: 1,95-3,51), inmunosupresión (OR: 2,05; IC 95%: 1,46-2,88) y AI (OR: 3,24; IC 95%: 1,60-6,53) se asociaron de forma independiente con mayor mortalidad en la UCI. Conclusiones El tratamiento antifúngico empírico en nuestra población estaría justificado en los pacientes con inmunosupresión. En los pacientes con riesgo moderado-grave, la búsqueda activa de Aspergillus spp. debería implementarse (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Aspergilose Pulmonar/complicações , Aspergillus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Estado Terminal , Fatores de Tempo
17.
Med Intensiva (Engl Ed) ; 46(8): 426-435, 2022 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35868719

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and impact of Aspergillus spp. isolation (AI) on ICU mortality in critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia during the first 24h of admission. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of an observational and prospective cohort study. SETTING: ICUs voluntary participating in the Spanish severe Influenza pneumonia registry, between June 2009 and June 2019. PATIENTS: Consecutive patients admitted to the ICU with diagnosis of severe influenza pneumonia, confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Incidence of AI in respiratory samples. Demographic variables, comorbidities, need for mechanical ventilation and the presence of shock according at admission. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scale calculated on ICU admission. RESULTS: 3702 patients were analyzed in this study. AI incidence was 1.13% (n=42). Hematological malignancies (OR 4.39, 95% CI 1.92-10.04); HIV (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.08-13.63), and other immunosuppression situations (OR 4.87, 95% CI 1.99-11.87) were factors independently associated with the presence of Aspergillus spp. The automatic CHAID decision tree showed that hematologic disease with an incidence of 3.3% was the most closely AI related variable. Hematological disease (OR 2.62 95% CI 1.95-3.51), immunosuppression (OR 2.05 95% CI 1.46-2.88) and AI (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.60-6.53) were variables independently associated with ICU mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Empirical antifungal treatment in our population may only be justified in immunocompromised patients. In moderate-high risk cases, active search for Aspergillus spp. should be implemented.


Assuntos
Influenza Humana , Orthomyxoviridae , Pneumonia , Aspergillus , Estado Terminal , Humanos , Influenza Humana/complicações , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos
18.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 39(3): 248-253, jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407786

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La prueba Aspergillus galactomannan Ag Virclia® (GM-VClia) es una técnica de galactomanano monotest, auto-matizada, basada en inmunoensayo quimioluminiscente (CLIA). OBJETIVO: Evaluar el desempeño del test de GM-VClia en muestras de suero y lavado bronquioalveolar (LBA) procesadas previamente con el kit Platelia™ Aspergillus EIA (GM-Plat). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 56 muestras de suero y 40 de LBA, correspondientes a un total de 59 pacientes (algunos con determinación de galactomamano en ambas muestras) con enfermedades pulmonares, hematológicas, LES, Covid-19 y tumores, entre otros. Trece pacientes tuvieron aspergilosis invasora (1 probada y 12 probables). RESULTADOS: La correlación entre ambos métodos para suero y LBA fue r = 0,8861 p < 0,0001 y r = 0,6368 p < 0,001, respectivamente. Hubo una concordancia global de 67,7% (65/96), siendo de 85,7% (48/56) en sueros y 42,5,0% (14/49) en LBA. Al subir el punto de corte en LBA por GM-VClia la concordancia aumentó a 85,7%. CONCLUSIONES: Se observó una mayor correlación y concordancia en sueros que en LBA. El kit GM-VClia presentó una mayor sensibilidad y valor predictor negativo (VPN), que el kit GM-Plat. Las desventajas de GM-VClia, la constituyen la categoría "dudoso", que dificulta la interpretación y que, con los puntos de corte actuales en LBA, la correlación con GM-Plat es menor. Las ventajas son su mayor sensibilidad, facilidad de procesamiento y una mayor rapidez en los resultados.


BACKGROUND: The Aspergillus Galactomannan Ag Virclia® (GMVClia) test is a monotest and automated galactomannan technique based on chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). AIM: To evaluate the performance of the GM-VClia test in serum and bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) samples previously processed with the Platelia ™ Aspergillus EIA kit (GM-Plat). METHODS: 56 samples of serum 40 from BAL (some of them with galactomaman determination in both samples), from patients with pulmonary diseases, hematological diseases, SLE, Covid-19 and tumors, among others, were studied. Thirteen patients had invasive aspergillosis (1 proven and 12 probable). RESULTS: The correlation between both methods for serum and BAL was r = 0.8861 p < 0.0001 and r = 0.6368 p < 0.001, respectively. There was a global concordance of 67.7% (65/96), being 85.7% (48/56) in sera and 42.5.0% (14/49) in BAL. By raising the cut-off point in LBA by GM-VClia, the agreement increased to 85.7%. CONCLUSION: A greater correlation and concordance was observed in sera than in BAL. The GM-VClia kit had a higher sensitivity and NPV than the GM-Plat kit. The disadvantages of GM-VClia are the "doubtful" category, which makes interpretation difficult and that with the current cut-off points in LBA the correlation with GM-Plat is lower. The advantages are its greater sensitivity, ease of processing and faster results.


Assuntos
Humanos , Aspergilose/diagnóstico , Galactose/análogos & derivados , Aspergillus , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , COVID-19 , Mananas
19.
Rev Iberoam Micol ; 39(2): 31-35, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35461766

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Several studies to evaluate the accuracy of galactomannan (GM) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as a diagnostic tool have been carried out; however, there are still controversies about the optimal cut-off point of BALF GM. AIMS: The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy and the optimal cut-off point on BALF GM from patients with suspected invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 188 patients (≥18 years) that had undergone a bronchoscopy with BAL due to suspected IPA was carried out. IPA was diagnosed according to the EORTC/MSG guidelines. RESULTS: The optimal optical density cut-off point for BALF GM was 0.67, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100%, 70%, 32.3%, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: BALF GM detection proved to be a useful supplementary technique in the early diagnosis of IPA in both neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients.


Assuntos
Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Estudos Transversais , Galactose/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva/diagnóstico , Mananas , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
20.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 39(2): 31-35, abril 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-207099

RESUMO

Background:Several studies to evaluate the accuracy of galactomannan (GM) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as a diagnostic tool have been carried out; however, there are still controversies about the optimal cut-off point of BALF GM.Aims:The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy and the optimal cut-off point on BALF GM from patients with suspected invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in a tertiary care hospital.Methods:A cross-sectional study with 188 patients (≥18 years) that had undergone a bronchoscopy with BAL due to suspected IPA was carried out. IPA was diagnosed according to the EORTC/MSG guidelines.Results:The optimal optical density cut-off point for BALF GM was 0.67, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100%, 70%, 32.3%, and 100%, respectively.Conclusions:BALF GM detection proved to be a useful supplementary technique in the early diagnosis of IPA in both neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients. (AU)


Antecedentes:Diversos estudios han evaluado la precisión del galactomanano (GM) como herramienta diagnóstica en el líquido de lavado broncoalveolar (LBA); sin embargo, todavía existen controversias sobre el punto de corte óptimo de LBA GM.Objetivos:El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la precisión diagnóstica y el punto de corte óptimo en LBA GM de pacientes con sospecha de aspergilosis pulmonar invasora (API) en un hospital de tercer nivel.Métodos:Se realizó un estudio transversal en el que fueron incluidos 188 pacientes (≥18años) a los que se les había realizado una broncoscopia con LBA por sospecha de API. La API se diagnosticó de acuerdo con las guías EORTC/MSG.Resultados:El punto de corte óptimo para el valor densidad óptica de LBA GM fue de 0,67, con sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y valor predictivo negativo del 100%, 70%, 32,3% y 100%, respectivamente. (AU)ConclusionesLa detección de GM en LBA demostró ser un procedimiento útil en el diagnóstico precoz de la API, tanto en pacientes neutropénicos como en no neutropénicos.


Assuntos
Humanos , Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Galactose/análogos & derivados , Aspergilose Pulmonar Invasiva/diagnóstico , Mananas , Estudos Transversais , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
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